Evaluated on the Basis of Financial Criteria

Questions: 1. Setting Line : One to two sentences that ought to give an unmistakable and brief articulation of the issues and outcomes (for example why the peruser should peruse the memo).2. Activity Line : One to three sentences that resembles an end yet ought to give An amazing away from articulation of how to determine the issues (for example what do you, as the crafter/s of the Memo need the peruser to do). Update 1 Mr. de Ville, the proprietor of Tasman Ian de Ville Holdings Ltd. (TIDH) has requested that you assess five speculation ventures. TIDH has a $10,000,000 venture spending plan, a speculation obstacle pace of 11.0 %, and the proprietor has a prerequisite that all speculations have a Payback Period (PBP) of under 3.5 years. Likewise, Project 2 brings the workplaces and distribution center up to the current fire code and the recorded reserve funds are the assistance installments that will no longer should be made to monitors to evade the workplace being closed down. Year end Venture 1 Venture 2 Undertaking 3 Task 4 Venture 5 01 - $830,000 - $200,000 - $850,000 - $5,000,000 - $350,000 02 100,000 350,000 800,000 350,000 03 100,000 500,000 800,000 350,000 04 100,000 700,000 800,000 350,000 05 800,000 - 2,650,000 06-30 1,000,000 800,000 350,000 Answers: 1. Setting Line The speculations ought to be assessed based on money related measures and the tasks with better NPV extension ought to be considered with the end goal of venture. (Self, 2012) 2. Activity Line The choice of positive stream to the financial specialists is being chosen after coming up next is finished. The undertaking ought to be assessed based on different factors, for example, recompense time of the task, present estimation of the venture, productivity record and so forth. Venture compensation is same so the choice depends on NPV.(Punder, 2009) The fourth venture would be acknowledged due to the consistency in the investment funds from the undertaking and henceforth the measure of inflows that emerge from the task is colossal. The organization should ensure that the venture is affirmed dependent on the net estimation of the activities as it could be seen that the inflow of $800000 is the best choice from the perspective of the organization all in all. The non monetary variables must be considered for the situation if there are some persistent income producing factors from the project.(Zine.com, 2007) The task assessment measures would shift from the manners in which used to assess dependent on the situation of the positive present worth ventures. The organization centers around the advantage that determines subsequent to contributing while organization is having an expense of capital of 11% the venture needs to give a few benefits that is just conceivable on account of undertaking 4 for Mr. De Ville. (Excursions, 2012) Reference index Excursions, B. (2012). Before you consent to a significant task, a legitimate money related examination is an unquestionable requirement. Discover which examinations offer the most understanding for your circumstance. Business Flings , 1-1. Fraser, S. (2013). The hazard based review approach. CA Australia adnd NZ , 1. Perry, L. (2014). Examining Special Purpose Frameworks: Risk Assessment. Bookkeeping WEB , 1. Punder, I. (2009). Utilization of Discounted Cash Flow Methods for Evaluation of Engineering Projects . INCTECH , 1-17. Self, C. (2012). Purposes behind Using Cash Flow in Capital Budgeting. Chron , 1-1. Zack, M. (2013). Review and Risk. article , 1. Zine.com, M. (2007). Assessing Cash Flow Results. MoneyZine , 1-1.

Welfare Reform: Have we considered our children? :: Essays Papers

Government assistance Reform: Have we thought about our youngsters? Agreement with America, square awards, moral obligation and government assistance to work are for the most part recognizable talk. With the changing of the watchman in Washington, government assistance as we probably am aware it is rapidly turning into a relic of the past. The inquiry is whether our recently chosen pioneers are improving the government assistance framework or just propagating the horrendous condition of our nation's least fortunate residents our youngsters. Union of government programs into square awards incorporates an expected 5-20% cut in the degree of bureaucratic spending for huge numbers of these projects. On the off chance that the proposed changes in AFDC were completely in actuality today, in excess of 5,000,000 youngsters, one-portion of the kids now on AFDC, would lose their advantages. Modification of the first arrangement doesn't really convert into included assurance for kids. Both the Clinton organization and state governments, spoke to by Republican governors, have proposed elective government assistance change plans. The elective plans despite everything incorporate help for square awards and government reductions. Disposal of government oversight of kid government assistance projects will destroy more than fifteen years of kid promotion endeavors. In the proposed enactment, subsidizing under the Social Security Act for state kid government assistance frameworks would be joined into a square award to be spread by every state's attentiveness. House Representatives have neglected to specify that monies for state youngster government assistance programs are right now connected to administrative principles and consistence measures. Receipt of government child care cash is reliant upon state consistence with prerequisites, for example, permanency arranging, family safeguarding and reunification and situation of kids at all prohibitive, most family-like setting. Loss of these consistence estimates will possibly disassemble an across the nation framework grew exclusively to ensure the eventual benefits of the youngster. Along a comparative vein, disposal of the privilege status of social government assistance programs obliterates the wellbeing net for youngsters whose guardians are poor. Not at all like privileges which lawfully ensure help for youngsters and families, square awards place a budgetary top on spending. On the off chance that states come up short on cash, families will be compelled to hold up until the following monetary year to get help. Denying qualification status ensures that numerous youngsters will go hungry, and thus will be not able to form into sound, beneficial grown-ups. The present government assistance change proposition, albeit expected to target single ladies, reasonably rebuff the youngsters. Without worked in government securities for kids joined with an ensured wellbeing net for guardians, we can't anticipate that kids in neediness should become capable independent residents.

Accounting Structure Of Dependent Inference â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Accounting Structure Of Dependent Inference? Anawer: Introducation The applied structure of bookkeeping was made so as to support the bookkeepers and the organizations to get ready and present the money related books according to the endorsed bookkeeping gauges. These structure on internation money related announcing principles structure the base for the readiness of things to come International Accounting Standards to be advanced. These are the base on which the reviewer depend and offer their input with respect to whether the budget reports are indicating valid and reasonable view or not and whether they are liberated from mistake. This is required by both the interior just as the outer clients to take the basic monetary just as operational choices. Outer clients for the most part incorporate the speculators, the general population, the legislature, the expense specialists, the banks and the budgetary foundations, who take the basic choices which influence the organization as well as the business in general. Inner clients of the money related data incorporate the representatives, the clients, the lenders, the borrowers, and so forth. These financials furnish the applicable clients with the present status of the organization and causes them to take the contributing choice whether to by or sell the value and obligation of the organization or not. They additionally need the data not exclusively to be a piece of the incomes of the organization yet to know whether the administration and chiefs of the organization have released their obligations viably and proficiently. The system of applied bookkeeping and the IFRS requests a few revelation and notes on records to be made in the financials which is important for the comprehension of the clients and afterward base their suspicion dependent on their on activities. In some cases, it might happen that the goals of the guidelines of bookkeeping and that of the board may not be steady with one another and in such a situation its upon the organizati on as to well they need to apply the measures in the broadly useful revealing framework(Kew Stredwick, 2017). The information focuses gave in the financials must be pertinent and consistent with the conditions of the case and no material errors must be passed up a great opportunity to be accounted for. Further, in the executives report, they for the most part proclaim that the financials have ben arranged utilizing the important norms and furthermore report any deviation from the equivalent, if any alongside the correct reasons. After this is done, the organization likewise gets the books evaluated by the reviewers, who watch that whether the organization has followed all the applicable laws and guidelines, measures, and so on., and premise this express their sentiment on the equivalent to give a sensible confirmation about the equivalent to the clients. b) The valuation and revealing prerequisite of the fixed resources and property, plant and gear of the organization is being guided by AASB 116. It is significant from the clients of fiscal reports view and point of view that the organization ought to consent to the gauges while readiness of the budget reports. (Trieu, 2017) It gives a lot of rules and the necessities which the organizations needs to follow while managing the valuation and the introduction of the budget summaries. In the given case, the organization Telstra has been picked. It is recorded on the Australian Stock trade and the administration of organization has very much received and followed with the administrative rules and the norms while esteeming its advantages and legitimate divulgences have been accommodated the equivalent. According to the guidelines on PPE, the important and material revelation necessities are as per the following- The organization is required too exposure the bifurcation and the premise of the advantage classes into which the benefits are partitioned, the premise of estimation of the gross square, the technique for deterioration being utilized, the paces of devaluation being applied to the equivalent, the estimayted valuable life being taken for each situation, the conveying measure of the benefit toward the start and toward the finish of the period, the adjustments in the square of benefit by means of the buy and offer of the advantages, the sum got and paid towards it, the swapping scale variance being acquired on the advantage, the impact of the adjustments in the administration arrangements in regard of PPE over the previous year and the other basic administration decisions being considered. The organization has a duty to follow the revelation prerequisite of all the above realities and figures(Visinescu, et al., 2017). In the given instance of Telstra joining, the organization in its yearly report has given all the significant and basic exposure necessity as for the class of advantages being held, the significant classifications, the pace of expostulation being utilized, the strategy devaluation being straight line, the assessed valuable lives, and the conveying cost of the property, plant and hardware both toward the beginning and toward the finish of the budgetary year.(Bromwich Scapens, 2016). The organization has likewise unveiled the information on the obtaining cost being promoted in the advantage, the lingering estimation of the benefit and the impedance misfortune being perceived and turned around during the year. Further more, the executives of the organization have plainly expressed in the fiscal reports that the calculated structure and the pertinent gauges have been taken consideration while introduction of the budget summaries and furthermore while valuation of the benefits (Linden Fre eman, 2017). Scarcely any concentrates of the companys yearly report has been connected for refernence and so as to show how well the administration of the organization has conformed to all the prerequisites. This organization was picked as it is one of the greatest media transmission organizations in Australia and whose income is in billions. Hence, all things considered the companys books are as per the AASB system of bookkeeping and money related announcing (Werner, 2017). c) One of the most significant subjective attributes of the budgetary announcing system is that it gives the reason for the valuation of the advantages for the organization based on which the organization can gauge just as figure its incomes effectively and thus its monetary position. This is additionally useful from various perspectives and in proceeding with its general activities. This is one of the indispensable prerequisites of announcing and causes the administration to take choices on the development advancement of the organization viably and productively (Linden Freeman, 2017). It likewise helps the clients who are reliant on this budgetary data to check whether the estimations revealed by the organization are in accordance with their desires and along these lines make their judgment on whether to put resources into the organization or not. In the given instance of Telstra, the organization has revealed all the conceivable data for the classes of advantages, the conveying est eem, the deterioration strategies and all other applicable data. It has made the steadfast portrayal of the issues of the organization premise which the clients can make their monetary and operational decision(Kew Stredwick, 2017). Fuurther it has additionally unveiled the most recent years number in regard of the gross square, the net square , the gathered devaluation, the interest in resources, the depreation, and so forth which fulfills one of the major improving subjective attribute of the budgetary revealing and in this manner empowers likeness of the fiscal summaries so as to know the delta and the significant purposes behind such change. It has attempted to give an unmistakable picture and the keep up however much straightforwardness as could reasonably be expected w.r.t. the revelations. In this manner, it is likewise fulfilling the subjective part of it. (Dichev, 2017) d) Basis the above realities and the finding in gteh companys budget summaries on the property plant and hardware, plainly the organization has agreed to the monetary announcing structure and that the companys accounts give a reasonable and straightforward situation of the money related status of the organization and different various angles. The divulgence that must be given in the companys yearly report must fulfill all the client data w.r.t. PPE like the devaluation approach followed, the classes of advantage being utilized, the evaluated valuable existences of the different classes of benefits, the disability appraisal and other significant revelations. For Telstra, the all such data is in a state of harmony with the necessities of the gauges and the companys approaches being followed(Alexander, 2016). The organization has legitimized the way that why these measures were confined to be trailed by the organizations and they are being useful to those clients of the fiscal summaries who take significant choices dependent on this.(Belton, 2017). The worldwide bookkeeping measures board for the most part take the perspective on the clients just as the organizations on revising the principles to fulfill the necessities of the end client by understanding the issue being looked by them as an end client. Along these lines, they just dont come to realize what are the escape clauses yet the necessities which the clients have from the budget summaries and consequently they change to acquire the improvement. In the event of Telstra, the administration can attempt to decrease the inconveniences and detail of the introduction of the fiscal summaries and make it increasingly more straightforward for comprehension and deciphering for the end client. This won't just make the work for the end client simple yet it wil increment the straightforwardness of the financials (Abbott Kantor, 2017). Likewise, the board can make the consistency in applying the principles for a specific kind of organization as opposed to keeping it open to be applied by all the organizations. These are scarcely any suggestions which can be helpful in upgrading the subjective detailing viewpoint and which can make the financials liberated from blunders and different deficiencies. References Abbott, M. Kantor, A., 2017. Reasonable Value Measurement and Mandated Accounting Changes: The Case of the Victorian Rail Track Corporation. Australian bookkeeping Review. Alexander, F., 2016. The Changing Face of Accountability.

The Demise of Detailed Outline for Research Paper

The Demise of Detailed Outline for Research Paper Detailed Outline for Research Paper Explained To conserve space in the examples, just the first section of the outline will demonstrate the suitable spacing. Always be certain to observe an outline and you will stay on the right path. In the event the structure of the principal body has many levels, it is preferable to use different numbering styles. A suitable presentation outline format contains 3 important components. Outlining the sections right at the start of writing research paper can help you to keep an appropriate structure for the whole write up. For research papers, an official outline will be able to help you keep tabs on large. Thus, to compose the ideal research paper, making an outline is vital, but before making the outline, below are some planning steps which you must consider prior to making the outline. A well-made outline is critical in locating considerable info and keeping track of considerable amount s of information from a research paper. Then establish who will become your target audience and produce the content of the paper pertinent to them. Low-income areas can bring in modest businesses because of the reduce cost of operation, and can grow economically as a consequence of the new jobs, improving the standard of life of the region. There are plenty of subjects you might write about, therefore it can help to narrow down the potential architecture research paper topics. If you take a close look at research paper outline examples, you will observe we have several strategies to present the most important body. For a research paper, several paragraphs are likely required to thoroughly talk about the topic and help demonstrate the thesis. Then the ideal approach is place a request I will need to acquire essay papers written. The best way is downloading a research paper outline template to make the outline. A comprehensive outline is essential for writing a very good research paper. A research paper outline, though, will additionally have a hypothesis or thesis as a portion of the introduction. Aside from a report outline and a presentation outline, it is one of the most common types of outlines you're likely to encounter in any given field. By studying various outline samples, you're guaranteed to come up with the ideal research paper outline in almost no time. All About Detailed Outline for Research Paper The Introduction part is among the most crucial ones. You've got to compose several academic papers over the span of a year. If you choose to compose your own paper, start with selecting a topic. Research Paper isn't a task for a single day. College kids appear to agree with the initiative, because nearly all of them dislike having to sneak about and risk arrest over buying alcohol. You may easily depend on us to find essay help as we have a tendency to assist and guide the students with the aid of our professional experts. Students could rather seek the advice of writing companies. Some students simply don't have sufficient knowledge for a definite job. The outline script should start with a little introduction, followed by the goal of the presentation and the objectives. Outlining is a significant stage in writing a scholarly paper since it helps. Outlining your paper before you write it's an important step because it is going to enable you to organize your thoughts. The MLA format stipulates the vital guidelines for effectively writing an essay in line with the MLA standards. The perfect way to comprehend how to organize and compose a journal article is to have a look at the articles in a couple of the. For smaller essays, it may also be very small and contain just a few elements. If, however, you've written an excellent outline and adhere to it, then it's fine to get started writing your introduction first. You always ought to make an outline of what you intend to write even when you are writing the essay on a test.

Exercise - 2109 Words

inecraft Username - CowGum Age - 14 Timezone - As of now I currently am in the timezone EDT (UTC -4). https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html?iso=20170806T150000p1=25 Country - I live in the U.S.A or (United States of America). What time are you most often on and how many hours can you contribute? Roughly I think I can play for about 11:00 AM to 9:00 PM on weekends. In addition to the weekends I can play for about 4:00 PM to 10:00 PM on weekdays. On weekends I basically play all day which, but on weekends I am very limited due to the fact that I have homework and finals to take. In out of all honesty I think of myself to be a very active player. I believe I can contribute about 10 hours on weekends and 3-4 hours on†¦show more content†¦One thing I have been banned (Temporarily- banned) on the archon is IRL TRADE. I think I have learned from being banned because when I got banned for 3 days. I was really sad because Archon was my favorite server at the time due to the fact that Factions Silver was very competitive. Another thing I have learned is to not use hacks. I have learned that it just ruins the game for other players and makes you win games too easy. Also in addition to that another thing to mention is that I will not abuse power. Simply because it would be an U nfair advantage. For example if someone was using hacks on PVP would that be fun for you? Or another example of abusing would be choosing to kick your enemies in combat instead of your friends. From the years I have spent with helpers I have realized how non-biased they are. Abusing would be a very misconceptional thought. In out of all honesty it would just cause more trouble. For instance if I kicked a player in combat and took his god-set, I would risk the chance of getting banned. In my opinion hacking or using non approved mods is very unfair. As an example say in the HCF server Im playing on someone was using a Auto Clicker to kill me. After all hes using those mods/hacks to his enjoyment. He has no respect to our enjoyment and no respect to us. That is what unfair is in my opinion. After using hacks once and being selfish, I have learned not and to promise myself to never use hacks again.Show MoreRelatedExercise : Exercise And Exercise Essay1380 Words   |  6 PagesA very i mportant and often overlooked activity in today’s society is exercise. Exercise positively influences many aspects of life and people today are simply not incorporating it into their daily lives. What they don’t understand is exercise is extremely beneficial to physical and mental health. With a healthy mind and body people can go about their day feeling healthier, having a better sense of body image, and can process thoughts more clearly and concisely. 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BBC Managing Diversity and Equality Essay - 1469 Words

Running Head: MANAGING DIVERSITY AND EQUALITY BBC Case on Managing Diversity and Equality BBC Case on Managing Diversity and Equality Introduction The paper will present a case study on the diversity and equality issues in the world’s largest broadcasting network, BBC. The company has employed around 24000 employees. It aims to reflect its audience with the diverse workforce as diversity is considered as a vital success factor of organisation. The company needs to focus on managing the diversity so that it can engage its audience as it targets the diverse people, in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, faith and religion, sexual orientation, political affiliation social and background. Since the audience is†¦show more content†¦There are many challenges of diversity in the United Kingdom which have provided the company some with creative opportunities to offer its audiences distinctive and original programming that would engage them. 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Poem from the Different Cultures Section Essay Example For Students

Poem from the Different Cultures Section Essay Love after Love is a poem which represents the struggle faced by someone who does not give themselves any self-recognition and throughout symbolises the struggle and constraints the individual has to face. The poem is written in 2nd person, telling the reader what to do, and hence therefore reaching out and involving the reader far more in the poem.  The poet uses the differences in tone and mood to help display how the person involved feels about itself. The language techniques used throughout by the poet re-enforce the message of solidarity in the poem.  You will greet yourself arriving. Through the individual the poet differentiates between the excitement and elation of coming to terms with learning to deal with you. Other language techniques used by Derek Walcott include metaphors for self-recognition and love, your own door, in your own mirror  To show the poem as one continuous passage with all connects with each other, the poet uses enjambment to show the audience that through each stanza the individual is coming to terms with self and how the progression from being apprehensive through to forgiveness and excitement of own life. To itself, to the stranger who has loved you  All your life, whom you ignored  Another Language skill used to underpin the subject matter is Assonance as an echo which shows the singularity and solitude of the individual.  whom you ignored  For another, who knows you by heart.  All of these methods used help show the reader the image of freedom; where they can dispense with imposed vies and also it helps them to understand the poems message of the celebration of self discovery. The themes of; personal honesty, self-truth, individuality and sense of self are also echoed throughout This Room by Imtiaz Dharker as well as Love after Love. The Poet uses metaphors to help present the message he is getting across to the reader; the title This Room, the room is a metaphor for culture and the furniture he speaks of in the opening stanza is a metaphor for customs associated with his culture. The image of new life is presented to the reader to give them the opportunity to read the poem with a clear mind straight at the beginning of the poem.  This room is breaking out  of itself, cracking through  As in the first poem, the poet uses the message of freedom of speech and freedom of living your life in the way you want to, and without the constraints of the expectations of your culture or of other people. The poet talks about a change of revolution and has very restrictive thoughts throughout the opening passage of This Room.  The bed is lifting out of  its nightmares.  The present tense used by Imtiaz Dharker has the feeling of releasing boundaries immediately and also the enjambment used once again gives the poem a free flow and sense of continuity. Other messages portrayed throughout the poem by the poet include how the he wishes to be free from prejudice and also how he is to rid himself of unnecessary clutter.  With his poem This Room, Imtiaz Dharker offers an alternative view point about having a culture; he offers an insight into the dark side of owning a culture and how it can diversely affect your life. This poem shares many of themes and ideas of Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan by Moniza Alvi. Both poems use symbolism to describe there feelings on life and their cultures and how this effects there life. In This Room the daily furniture of our lives represents how the poet feels about his culture, and how he feels that it is an unnecessary burden which he has to carry. This feeling of symbolism is echoed throughout Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan. .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b , .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b .postImageUrl , .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b , .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b:hover , .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b:visited , .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b:active { border:0!important; } .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b:active , .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u18b7430cc34d7c7b1f9351986db5c71b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Two Stories which demonstrate the writers skills in creating interest, tension and suspense EssayHowever, Moniza Alvi uses symbolism to describe all of the good things her culture offers to her and how it affects her life in a good way. My aunts chose an apple-green sari, silver-bordered for my teens. The poets feelings are displayed in the way she describes the clothes she is given and this is symbolises her culture.  Also, Love after Love is connected to Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan in the sense that they both have a theme of constraint. In Love after Love the constraints are apparent in the symbolism of Giving wine. Giving bread this is linked to the constraints that Derek Walcott speaks about and connected to the poem as a whole. In Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan the constraints and differences faced by Moniza Alvi are the moral differences she faces when she speaks of the differences in cultures and is symbolic of the other culture. to consider the cruelty and the transformation from camel to shade, she knows that this is accepted in Pakistan but now as she lives in England she has to deal with the conflict on both cultures and has to adapt to her life in England.  All three poems share the theme that from the opening stanza to the end, they show a progression of thoughts.

A Stepping Stone Shaped as a Book free essay sample

Looking back on my childhood the one thing that is engraved into my memory is the feeling I got every time I read a new book. I could not get enough of them; books were a passion of mine. Authors soaked into my mind like Carroll, Spinelli, Christie, and Keene. I progressed through school with relative ease, my connection with books guiding the way. Until I reached high school there were no real academic challenges available to me. Registering for all the honor programs I could, my obsession with school became apparent. I needed a class where my intellect would be tested, and a statement would mean nothing until evidence was provided. Well into my freshman year I heard about AP classes. It was targeted to anyone interested, but the most common students that were enrolling were current honors students. This is what I had been waiting for. Sophomore year slid into view as I began attending my very first AP course, World History. We will write a custom essay sample on A Stepping Stone Shaped as a Book or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Needless to say the curriculum showed me who was boss as it threw me every curve ball imaginable. The work became overwhelming as I struggled to keep up with the other students. There was a moment of regret, of self doubt, and complete resignation. The only person that could pull me out of this hole was I. This was what I had been waiting for, a class that could challenge and put things into perspective for me. I continued on throughout the year pushing myself to get by and learn as much as possible for the exam. At the end of the year my grade was not the highest of the class; but that did not matter. If I had taken the regular course I would have been guaranteed an A, but that is not what I wanted. Although AP classes are difficult, I have not been able to look back every since. There are no regular classes available that I find that provide me with the same amount of information and challenge that I receive from an AP course. Sacrificing a perfect grade is what I must pay so that I must receive the knowledge that I can get from an AP course. My journey from a little girl, fascinated by books continues on throughout my life as it helps me through many situations that life offers, from school into my nearing future.

The Mayor of Casterbridge essays

The Mayor of Casterbridge essays A common event that happens today is the creation of a movie from a book. More often than not, most people tend to lean towards the book version than the movie version. Many people will not even go and see the movie until they have read the book. Most people find that when they read they are free to imagine what the characters might look like and how they may go about doing the things they do. When the go to see the movie however, they find that the characters are not at all what they thought, and the things they do do not make much sense as they do in the book. In the book The Mayor of Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy, Hardys use of descriptive words helps the reader to picture what he or she imagines the character to look like. It also presented the story in a orderly fashion. In the movie however, we see Sara and the grown Elizabeth Jane walking, as Sara is having flashbacks of what had happened with her husband at the fair. When i first saw this, i did not like it at all. I felt that they should have shown it in order just as it was in the book. But when i thought about it, i realized that by doing it they way they did, it was a bit easier to understand what was going on with Sara and it saved a lot of time as well. ...

Compensation in Canada and Spain Research Paper

Compensation in Canada and Spain - Research Paper Example But workers cannot refuse to work on statutory holidays if his job requires him to do so (Workrights.ca, â€Å"Statutory Holidays†). The minimum wages have been set by the Canadian government. The minimum wage is the lowest wage that an employee can be paid by his employer. There are strict regulations pertaining to the protection of workers in the absence of unions. The minimum wages are primarily meant to influence the compensation level of employees. The act as introduced in the year 1918 has undergone a lot of changes but every province in Canada is bound to function according to the laws pertaining to minimum wages. Minimum wages are not same in all the provinces. This requires the workers to navigate through the links for each province to collect maximum information on minimum wages prevailing in that area. It is to be noted that all workers are not included in the minimum wages law. Certain designated workers are excluded from the minimum wages rate. This is laid down in the regulations. The list of minimum wages in each province in Canada has been provided in the figure below. The minimum wages have been raised by a number of provinces in Canada in the year 2010. In fact it has been set as a percentage of the gross domestic product per worker. But this has had a negative impact on the Canadian society in the form of increased unemployment. Employers have responded to the rise in minimum wages by resorting to job cuts (Karabegovik, p.2). The compensation and bonus structure in Canada is well formulated and structured. The compensation structure was initiated in Canada in the year 1910. The structure carries proper compensation for employees working in organisations. Along with this, it also establishes other aspects of securities for all employees. Bonuses in Canada are paid depending on the corporate earnings. This is done with the view to reduce the taxable income.

Healthcare Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare Communication - Essay Example Some of them also face a lack of proper attention given by a health care professional as a result they seek some other nursing services at a very low cost.â€Å" According to Chronic Care in America [Institute for Health and Aging, University of California San Francisco for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation], â€Å"more that one half of the United States has a chronic condition. Out of those, 412 million were limited in daily activities, and 12 million are unable to live independently†. [Strengthforcaring.com. 2006]. It this being the case it appears that the health care industry does not really consider the needed, or they simply function on a profit based level. Most of the reforms brought out in the health care industry prove to be convenient for the health care professionals and service providers rather for those who are in need of a health care service. For example that computerised health care system has brought several innovative trends in providing a health care services. However, It is very useful for the Physicians and health care services to maintain patient details and the treatment undergone by the patients. Immediate access to patient data could maintain the records confidentially and more privacy and security can be expected from computerised health care services. The lack of financial development plays an important role in determining the health care opportunity for an American citizen. The tax system depends more on the individual and consumer items as a result people with a very moderate income and those without that struggle to pay either for health care or for insurance. â€Å"Between 2000 and 2005, 7.2 million Americans lost their health coverage according to the US Census Bureau. Americans typically lose health coverage when they lose their jobs, or get a job with an employer that does not offer coverage,† observes. Favro. [2006]. The health care system seems to have become a profit based one a more

Treat the Earth Well Essay Example for Free

Treat the Earth Well Essay Treat the earth well: it was not given to you by your parents, it was loaned to you by your children. We do not inherit the Earth from our Ancestors; we borrow it from our Children. We do not inherit the Earth from our Ancestors, we borrow it from our Children is an ancient Indian proverb that is reverberating in my ears. It was articulated by Craig Wing recently at a Global Shapers Johannesburg hub meeting. Its pure simplicity is quite piercing because it shows the effect of our ancestors’ actions on our current situation and it also serves as a warning on our current actions’ impact on our children. The architects of Apartheid effectively created a problem for everyone by creating artificial boundaries that were inherently going to be brought down. Anything that is artificial does not have staying power. The social, political and economic separation that was created took the country towards the extreme right swing of the pendulum. This ensured that the minority population enjoyed the majority of the social, political and economic benefits. When the pendulum swung back in the democratic era, it reversed the exclusivity of the social and political benefits from the minority while the economic ones are still lagging far behind. The constitution of the country has guiding principles that help the pendulum to swing to a neutral position at the centre and not to the extreme left because that is also dangerous. Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment policies are meant to accelerate the swing to the middle point which makes them temporal policies that cannot be allowed to stay on forever because they will swing the country to the extreme left. The greatest blind spot suffered by the architects of apartheid was that they disregarded the circular nature of life where things swing back. The result is their children became adversely affected when their policy of separation unravels. This is also a warning to the architects of transformation policies in South Africa to make sure that they understand the circular nature of life and factor it into the design of the policies. There is currently a lot of resistance in moving the economic pendulum from the status quo where only the minority benefits because of fear of an uncertain future. The problem is that the greater the resistance to economic transformation a greater amount of energy is going to be invested and extreme measures taken to make sure that the economic pendulum swings back but to the other extreme which could have unintended consequences. The reality is that the pendulum will swing back but at what cost to the country and its economic prospects? A variation of the proverb â€Å"Treat the earth well: it was not given to you by your parents, it was loaned to you by your children† can be applied to the issue of land so brazenly dealt with by Pieter Mulder. Infrastructure is another recent example. The youth today are effectively going to be paying for the infrastructure based on decisions by people who are likely not going to be there when the full impact of the cost will be felt. So the issue of e-tolls provided a victory to the litigants who successfully argued for the interdict to stop the e-tolling system temporarily. It is an important political victory of making sure that people concerns are heard and for the separation of powers between the Executive, Judiciary and the Parliament. It also raised important questions about who benefited from the R20 billion tenders and also questioned the fairness of the tariff structure and who will benefit from these fees. So transparency was the winner principle at the end of the day. However it is a Pyrrhic victory because the ultimate solution sought by the litigants is the shifting of the burden of paying for the roads from the road users to all taxpayers. So the bottom line is that the young people will be bearing the burden of the long term cost of this e-toll through increased taxes or less support from the government while the older people will be enjoying the retirement funds returns generated from this through the bonds they bought. Furthermore this places the user-pays-principle which is much more equitable for future generations at risk which in turn scares away the investors especially in areas where we are suffering from an infrastructure deficit. So we might be solving the infrastructure development problem by borrowing from our children to fight power politics of old people who have no enduring interest in intergenerational equity. Young people are the ones who should be shaping the decisions that affect their future represented by their informed and decisive leaders while making sure that they don’t inherit the unhelpful habits of their ancestors.

Comparing the Impact of Darwin on Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and She Essay

The Impact of Darwin on Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and She Who Must Be Obeyed      Ã‚   Imagine what would happen if everything you believed to be true was suddenly challenged.   How would you feel if the solid rock bottom of your religious and cultural beliefs turned into a slippery slope of doubt?   Such was the dilemma the Victorians faced with the publication of Darwin's Origin of the Species.      The questioning of man's origin in the form of evolution and survival of the fittest brought an uneasy feeling as to man's place within the hierarchy of the universe.   Darwin's theory that mankind was evolved from apes and not created by a divine being shocked civilized society.   The comparisons between civilized and uncivilized behavior linked through evolution is a predominant theme throughout Victorian literature.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through the writings of this era, we can see the preoccupation with the cultural conflict between evolution and creationism.   In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Robert Louis Stevenson introduces us to the concept that the beast within us all lies very close to the surface.   He explores the dual personality and the constant battle waged within oneself between civilized and uncivilized behavior.   In his full statement of the case, Dr. Jekyll states, "But I had voluntarily stripped myself of all those balancing instincts by which even the worst of us continues to walk with some degree of steadiness among temptations; and in my case, to be tempted, however slightly, was to fall." (49)   Although Dr. Jeykll was disdainful of Hr. Hyde's thoughts and actions, he recognized within himself that he enjoyed the freedom and the thrills that Mr. Hyde's uncivilized behavior brought.   He enjoyed ... ...ainty.   Both Haggard and Stevenson linked the theory to their stories in an attempt to show us the fine line between civilized and uncivilized, man or beast.   This anxiety and uncertainty was reflected in most of the literature of the time and would continue to be reflected in literature of the future.   And then Darwin comes along with The Descent of Man!    Works Cited and Consulted: Cohen, Morton N. Rider Haggard: His life & works. NY: Walker & Company, 1960. Haggard, Henry Rider. She. New York: Oxford University Press, 1887, 1991.    Stevenson, Robert Louis. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First Vintage Classics Edition. New York: Vintage Books, 1991.    Veeder, William. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde after One Hundred Years. Eds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Veeder and Gordon Hirsch. Chicago: University of Chicago  Press, 1988.

Disputes between the European Union and the Rest of the world Essay

Disputes between the European Union and the Rest of the world Introduction                   The sheer size of the EU sheer markets as well as its vast experience of more than forty years in negotiating international trade agreements has made it become the most powerful trading bloc in the world. Moreover, it has become a formidable power through trade, hence creating more problems with the rest of the world. The EU has increasingly used its market access as a bargaining chip to obtain changes within the domestic arena of its trading partners, starting with labor standards to development policies, and internationally, ranging from global governance to foreign policy. Therefore, this paper mainly analyses EU’s power in trade a factor that has made it create tension with the rest of the world. The analysis includes major dilemmas that are associated with how it exercises its trade power and point out why these strategies create tension with other international states. The argument also includes the need for the EU to refine it initial strat egies of accommodation for it to successfully transform its structural power to be more effective and hence have a more legitimate influence.                   Among the first goals of the EU as a trade power is using its power to secure concessions from others on market access. This makes it function as an economic globalization determinant or shaper. Basically, the EU is using its trade power to achieve non-trade objectives that range from the export-specific rules flanking market integration such as social, environment and safety standards to a more political or strategic linkage (Haughton, 2007).The rest of the world is therefore left to wonder if such use of trade power ultimately matters in geopolitical terms. Power in trade                   When we compare the EU and the US, there is no significant difference in the way the two exercise their power in trade at the bilateral levels mostly through agreements that they often have over their access to the market for their goods, capital and services in other regions. Agreements with EU have usually been involved more on reciprocal concessions over tariffs, quotas, and technical barriers to trade. However, concessions can sometimes be asymmetrical, either due to the fact that the EU could be making steeper cuts, or due to the fact that the value of the EU cuts could be greater following the size of the market. Failure to withstand such asymmetries means that the EU, similar to the US, uses preferential bilateral agreements to pry open the available markets that are found in the South as an exchange for accessing its own markets. Regionally, EU power has taken the form of less specific reciprocal concessions. As more nations across the world join regional trading blocs, the aim of the EU is to realize economies of scale through bloc-to-bloc deals. Such first bi-regional trade agreement is still being negotiated since 2000 mainly involving the EU and Mercosur, which is a customs union between Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay created in 1991. It is to be followed by ASEAN (the Association of South East Asian Nations) as new economic partnership agreements (EPAs) with, among others, the Caribbean countries and the Gulf Cooperation Council. It cannot be denied that in Latin America especially, have taken such moves partly in consideration to reaction by USA’s own drive towards regionalism.                   EU’s involvement in multilateral bargaining at the global level has been shaped by its relationship to the US. These two great trade powers have for so long been engaged in what is seen by the rest of the world as a battle of the titans, as each side has been trying to ensure that each of them has a continued access balance towards the market through trade and regulatory deals, if not, to resort to dispute settlement (Grabbe, 2006). As that continues, they have also tried using their trade power to exert their rule of ‘western hegemony’ over the developing world, especially towards the so-called ‘new issues’ that pertain to services as well as intellectual property that were initially introduced during the Uruguay Round. Of late little co-operation has existed between the EU–US regulatory and these two powers have kind of began pursuing sharply diverging tactics, that came up with opposing alliances during the Hong Kong meeting of the Doha Round in December 2005. Power through trade                   The EU tends to be more attached to not only multilateral forms of trade relations but also to the premises of embedded liberalism. Contrary to the US case; the EU’s use of trade in order to achieve non-trade objectives has some pride as a potential instrument of Europe’s geopolitical power. Whilst little doubt exists in regards to the EU being considered as one of the top players in world trade, there has been a lot of keen interest while assessing EU’s identity as a ‘power’ in general. They have however put across various qualifiers in characterizing a mode of influence that can enable them to manipulate others and make them perform according to the interest of the EU.                   Existence of the shift from a post-war to a post-Cold War paradigm of economic hegemony does not seem to be towards only increasing interventionism inside the affairs of trading partners, that even other nations apart from EU promotes. It has also taken other forms absent in the subservience of trade to security imperatives, the power to be yielded from asymmetries in such interdependence, and the ends of increased interdependence, as scrutinized under a mode demanding criteria of legitimacy. Even as the US tries to promote some specific features of an open trading system that tend to serve its domestic interests, the EU instead has been increasingly engaged in a more clever game where values, interests, and model are blurred. It does not just try to promote openness, but are more concern with openness ‘the EU way’. Considering the fact that the EU itself is a system of market liberalization, external efforts that it encourages are regarding replication more than domination                   Most groupings that have come up in the last decade seem to have done so majorly to increase their bargaining power within the trade negotiations against the EU and the US. They forget that having a closer relation to other regions around the world tend to be a means of enhancing the normative power of the EU and a reflection of this power. This is because such EU outstanding context and unique character as an integrative policy among other states is shown to be important. It is not US as a federal state which is relevant to integration among countries, but the EU as a federal union. Therefore, it seems the EU’s support for regional organizations like the Pacific Islands Forum and the African Union is linked to a particular expectation of contribution not only to the economic integration but also to the prevention, management and resolution of inter-state conflicts.                   However, while the EU has considered itself to be the judge of what is right or wrong as a trade power, there is some evidence showing that as a union it is indeed a conflicted trade power. This is a fact since within its different guiding principles; there are various policies which directly contradict each other (Teorell, 2010). Regionalism vs. Multilateralism                   A lot of debate has been going on, whether regional trade agreements have been indeed building blocks or they are just stumbling blocks for multilateralism. The claim by the EU has always been that they are indeed building blocks. This was demonstrated when it defended the relevance of its own approach to the Uruguay Round agenda; as both the EU as well as the GATT at the same time tried to explore the fresh basis of trade in services, of course, with diverse ambitions as to the extent of liberalization. While it was a key player in the launching of the Doha Round, it is also becoming an active promoter of regionalism.                   The question then left to ask is whether these two factions are compatible. Following the sudden jump in terms of free trade agreements to more than 300 like in 2001, the shocking thing is that the WTO has not been able to reach agreement even on a single case report towards any regional agreement in spite of them vowing to participate in the role of regional trade committees. This is in contrast to the Appellate Body which has taken on the issue, for example, they suggested on the need to apply some kind of ‘necessity test’, towards a recent ground-breaking case, where by Turkey and EU were condemned after they increased unnecessary barriers to Indian textiles when Turkey decided to enter its customs union with Europe. Following the move the EU is still drawing lessons. Of course, such judgment may act as an inspiration to the EU policy-makers in their endeavor devise strategies of accommodation trying to tame the trade-diverting effects on regionalism. As an alternative, on the region-to-region front, there could be a possible insertion of clauses that link the implementation of market access deals with progress on the multilateral front, just like it was done with ASEAN. EU’s regionalism can also come under conflict with bilateral agendas of their own partners. Trials by the EU’s strategy of encouraging regional co-operation in the Balkans have come into conflict following its use of trade linkages for domestic change.                   Also, as was realized in the Euro-Med context when the EU sought to draw lessons from past relations with the Mediterranean after its multi-lateralized its relations and encouraged trade among the southern partners by changing its rules of origins and allowance of accumulation, for example, aggregation between the value added to the southern nations. However, following lack of consensus between these economies, such approach has not yet been judged to bear fruit, (Knodt & Jà ¼nemann, 2007). There could be a need for more drastic incentives. Continued systematic promotion of regionalism could be of harm indeed to the EU’s proclaimed development goals. Like, when some analysts argue that being engaged in urging of rapid regional integration in Francophone West Africa was seen as a great contributing factor towards the subsequent instability in the region. The EU sought free movement of goods in this case, but not people, but failing to provide a re distributive wealth mechanism that was to deal with adjustment costs and at the same time undermined government social programs.                   Moreover, most of the deals negotiated throughout the 1990s under the watch of the New Transatlantic Agenda between the EU and the US tended to be vulnerable to similar criticism. In a way they have had a trial to the feasibility of exporting the approach by the EU of market integration through regulatory mutual recognition by the US. However, still it is important for the EU and the US to design such agreements as well as their supporting mechanisms better and make them be open to those who are new who might take the approach of respecting the standards adopted trans-atlantically. Non-discrimination vs. Bilateral preferential relations                   What can be seen as a major variant on the multilateralism –regionalism dilemmas tend to be increasing tension between the vowed commitment of the EU to international trade law, more specifically the highly favored-nation (MFN) principle, as well as the desire of the EU to be able to maintain preferential trading relations with specific countries. The agreement by the EU to the concept of ‘trade distorting’ regimes that stems from some of its members’ colonial pasts, exceeding the entire preferential market access granted to ACP countries, may of course sound as an objective even more commendable as compared to the MFN pursuit of global justice. However, it is important for EU to be clear on the price it has to pay for this moral luxury. Therefore, establishing such tension between international law and special relations tend to be acting geopolitically pitting two sets of developing countries against one another.                   Likewise, the 2001 Everything But Arms initiative (EBA) involvement in granting duty and quota-free access to the entire exports but not where arms and munitions are involved from the least countries that are less developed has faced criticism for excluding the key crops such as sugar, rice and bananas until 2009, as well as for leading in discriminatory practices among developing countries. Vulnerable and small economies that have been included tend to be bound to displace the exports of the same but some countries were excluded. Some States like the Caribbean or the Bangladesh members of the ACP group got a chance to benefit from this preferential trading arrangement with the EU. The WTO has many times condemned such policies. However, most of the member states, like UK, France, or Portugal who are former colonial powers, would not be keen on abandoning a system that is designed to eradicate poverty for the poorest farmers around the world who have bec ome dependent on inflated EU prices. In this instance, the EU has chosen a classic strategy of accommodation: progressive graduation as well as the negotiation of transition systems. Based on the multilateral constraint, EU’s only remaining power tend to lie with determining the speed of transfer of adjustment costs with its trading partners and its import intermediaries.                   This kind of negative power is doomed to unpopularity. Therefore, by EU presenting a new deal like in 2005 of cutting guaranteed sugar prices by 36 per cent over four years, it was predictably criticized on all sides, attacked based on the fact that it was reforming the detriment of poor sugar exporting countries and it was failing to move much further. Somehow, the EU seems to have taken firm grounds stand, ironically, even playing around with the non-discriminatory obligations that are contained within the GSP, at least as under the rule of the WTO 2004 appellate body ruling on EU vs. India. In this case, India was challenging the EU’s modified GSP which tend to provide an additional margin of preference on the part of recipients with drugs enforcement policies where the Commission was involved in inventing the entire list of beneficiaries of the programme without considering any objective criteria. Seen as a brilliant compromise given to the EU given by the AB, the benefit of the doubt based on the fact that indeed the right to modify preferential treatment was not subject to a simplistic constraint of identical treatment among beneficiaries, (Tocci, N., 2007). The AB argued that different developing countries were not situated on the same way when it comes to their different needs and hence could possibly be subject to ‘performance requirements’ as long as the approach were objective, transparent, as well as non-discriminatory in the broad sense. What question perhaps remains to be tested is what are acceptable conditionalities more generally? In a sense, it was important for the EU to develop a more universal approach as to where to draw the line. Western Hegemony Vs. Mediating Power                   An area which has also brought tension is in the EU’s alliance strategy as well as the light it portrays on what kind of actor it really wants to become. As a matter of fact, is it possible for the EU to play the part of the nervous protectionist North (agriculture), the rich liberal North (services), as well as the mediator between the South and the North? Taking the ‘rich North,’ is it necessary for it to generally to always take the US side for it to protect their shared commercial interests? Or it should go for emphasizing its vocation as a mediating power on the global scene, especially between the developing world and the US but at the same time, increasingly, between different interests in the developing world itself? Just as was recently demonstrated by controversies in the Doha Round, not only do multilateral trade negotiations are asking how much liberalization, but they are also asking what kind of liberalization as well as for whose benefit The Uruguay Round basically represent the culmination of an assertive US–EU alliance bent towards a commercially driven line in addition to a grand bargain between their reluctant acceptance of (partial) opening on some tropical/agricultural products and a (delayed) opening on textile, as an exchange for introducing fresh issues within the newly created WTO. In particular, intellectual property issues have exposed the EU to a lot of criticism that comes from the developing world due to the fact it sided with the interest of US multinationals.                   This tension between the North – including the EU – and the developing world started way back. However, a lot of attempt has been made by the EU to establish a reputation as a champion of development including through its 2001 role, when it launched the ‘Doha development agenda. Some other promoted path-breaking declaration on trade and public health has been going on. Like it has opened the way for legalizing broad exemptions from intellectual property constraints during any imports on generic drugs to treat diseases such as AIDS. There are also other initiatives, for example the databank which was set up by the Commission’s Directorate General for Trade in order to assist developing countries in their market access strategies, and have enabled the EU begin to change the image it has in the WTO.                   Following what recently came up in the Doha Round is an indication again to the lack of commitment that the EU has in seeking to marry its natural alliance in most of the domains (not all) with the US and its development advocacy. For example, when a World Bank Study questioned the EU’s ‘demonstration strategy’ through EBA stating that once requirements such as standards as well as rules of origin were taken into account, it was realized that the US was actually more open to LDC exports as compared to the EU. On the other hand, there is failure by the EU to promote multilateral solutions that is capable of addressing perhaps the single most important factor that links trade and poverty such as the massive volatility as well as decline in the price of primary commodities. As a result if the EU is indeed committed to uphold an image as a ‘mediating power’ within the global political economy, it will have no option but to ac tively promote changes in the WTO which the US is likely to actively resist, (Marshall, M., & Jaggers, K.,2010). However, a lot of failure has been manifested by the EU in exploiting a potentially promising strategy of accommodation like putting transatlantic economic as well as regulatory co operation at the service of multilateralism. Internal vs. external objectives                   Somehow, the manner in which the EU is exercising power through trade should be held up to special standards. Claiming consistency between its internal and external actions tend to be at the heart of its legitimate exercise of power. The EU has indeed faced difficulties in an attempt to lead by example in the area of trade. Like, in case where the single market has been premised based on the assumption that free movement of people is a key dimension of market integration, as a matter of fact, what will this one mean for the position taken by the EU on the freedom of movement of people in order to deliver services? In order for EU to be consistent, it will need to invest political capital and more creativity in ‘globalization with human faces’ as well as the manner in which there could be encouragement of back-and-forth movement of people as an alternative to permanent migration.                   The existing tension between the internal and external is well evidenced over agriculture, and came up in the Doha Round. A lot of questions have been raised over the conflicted position taken by the EU regarding agricultural tariffs and subsidies in its commitment to putting multilateralism at the service of development. As a matter of fact, there is no need for denying European citizens their landscape, food security, and way of life. However, it is important to tell them the much it costs, like the number of people who are now living under $1 a day. Also the question can be whether region-to-region agreements tend to be more about promoting regional integration outside the EU ‘per se’ but not taking the form of a worldwide strategy pushing for convergence with European standards as well as mutual opening of markets, thereby supporting EU incumbents. Time and again representatives of Mercosur have stated that they are aiming to follow the EU’s example, which according to them has made Europe ‘less dependent on the outside world, (the EU has stressed market opening). What is interesting is that the current political leadership in Mercosur, particularly President Lula in Brazil, have kind of supported the EU project over the US-led Free Trade of the Americas Agreement, indicating that the EU’s leverage through trade does not show some indications of legitimacy as compared to that of that of the US, (Stephanie Hanson, and Brianna Lee, 2012).                   Moreover, it seems that EU assumes that the liberal recipe of ‘peace through commerce’ which has indeed seems to have worked so well with them applies uniformly anywhere else. Generally, trade is capable of fueling conflict especially when carried out within a context of corrupt governance, deep social inequalities, and unfair rules, as well as without enough attention being paid to its destructive byproducts like export dependence, adjustment costs, price volatility or illegal trafficking. For EU to bring its external action to be in line with its internal philosophy, it needs to establish trade policies that are also sensitive to these potential conflicts. The current certifications efforts for diamonds or timber constitute tend to be a promising starting point. Equal Partnership vs. Conditional Opening                   There is a fundamental contradiction that exists as well within the very idea of ‘normative’ or ‘soft’ power. The language the EU is speaking is of shared norms which are developed through consensus and co-operation. But on the other hand, trade power tends to be the use of ‘carrots and sticks’ in enforcing such norms on trading partners. We are not even surprised that the incorporation of non-trade conditions in trade deals faces great resistance from developing countries, as they just see this to be a blunt coercion. A growing debate is now going on regarding the effectiveness of conditionality, which is now kind of spilling over from the field of aid to that of trade. Regardless of any instrumental argument, what is still being asked is whether a post-colonial power is not suppose to rely on voluntary change as well as the provision of public goods like its markets in bolstering the likelihood of such change. Do we miss to see a contradiction as the EU tries to export norms of its making, which is predicated based on voluntary co-operation between states using its quasi-coercive leverage through trade? Some of the policies such as the EBA undoubtedly tend to lie at the other end of the spectrum; unconditional opening to be a tool for development; having trust that new export opportunities in themselves is likely to encourage desired changes in the beneficiaries. Nevertheless, is it true that this policy is genuinely taking the interests of developing countries to heart, or it is just a public relations coup on the part of the EU? This is a signal to the rest of the world that the EU was eventually acting upon its pro-developing world rhetoric, the EU managed to find their way out in Hong Kong in generalizing the principle under WTO. So far giving way duty/quota-free access to 97 per cent of the products that originates in least developed countries is not welcomed by majority. Trade Liberalization vs. Domestic Preferences                   There is great tension for the EU as a trade power based on the embedded liberalism compromise. The conflict is in the manner of combining a trade liberalization credo with a primary concern for the social effects of market integration. Often, the EU has been facing social demands for protection that somehow may be going beyond the spirit of embedded liberalism. In response to such demands, the Commission’s trade policy-makers under the leadership of Pascal Lamy have developed a fresh conceptual apparatus based on the fact of collective preferences setting up institutions that are capable of forging collective preferences. The end result is diversification of social choices over health care, inter alia food safety, precaution in the field of biotechnology or welfare rights, cultural diversity, public provision of education and health care. However, it is argued that if these concerns justify protection then the EU has the obligation of providing c ompensation to its trading partners. Conclusion                   Indeed, it seems like EU exploits its formidable trade power for pursuing non-trade objectives through conditionality or through fostering regional trade blocs in its own image. This highlights the way the divergences between member states objectives makes it hard for the EU to signal its resolve to the outside world more clearly. Nonetheless, such divergences are themselves a byproduct or an expression of existing tensions between various alternative priorities or even norms that must simultaneously be committed to by the EU machinery, such as nondiscrimination and bilateral preferential relations, regionalism and multilateralism, western hegemony and mediating power, trade liberalization and domestic preferences, internal and external objectives, equal partnership and conditional opening. Due to the fact that legitimacy tends to be the main currency for an aspiring normative power, it will be difficult for the EU to effectively become a power through t rade without addressing what majority of the world considers being unsustainable contradictions. References Haughton, T. (2007). When does the EU make a difference? Conditionality and the accession process in Central and Eastern Europe. Political Studies Review, 5(2), 233–246. Knodt, M., & Jà ¼nemann, A. (2007). Introduction: Conceptionalizing the EU’s promotion of democracy. In A. Jà ¼nemann & M. Knodt (Eds.), Externe Demokratiefà ¶rderung durch die Europà ¤ische Union-European external democracy promotion (pp. 9–32). Baden-Baden: Nomos. Marshall, M., & Jaggers, K. (2010). Polity IV project: Political regime characteristics and transitions, 1800–2009. Fairfax: Center for Systemic Peace, George Mason University. Stephanie Hanson, and Brianna Lee (2012) Mercosur: South America’s Fractious Trade Bloc. Retrieved 3rd 10, 2014. http://www.cfr.org/trade/mercosur-south-americas-fractious-trade-bloc/p12762 Teorell, J. (2010). Determinants of democratization: Explaining regime change in the world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Tocci, N. (2007). The EU and conflict resolution. Promoting peace in the backyard. London: Routledge. Source document

The Moral Model Of Addiction - 2309 Words

It is paramount to attempt to understand why individuals become ‘addicts’/ drug dependent, as in doing so treatments and therapies may be adopted in line with the needs of the drug dependent individual. A greater understanding in the area of causality may produce more effective interventions at earlier stages of drug misuse. Definition addiction/dependence, lots of theories this paper will provide a brief overview of the main theories of addiction in view to their relevance within treatment and recovery issues which will be discussed in later sections. There are many models and theories which attempt to explain the causes of substance misuse and dependence. They range from those which highlight the importance of genetic and biological factors to those which stress social and psychological factors and those which may consider the ‘blame’ to be that of the dependent individual (Rassool 2009). 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